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The Great Depression was not a failure of markets but a failure of policy.

大蕭條不是市場的失敗，而是政策的失敗。

愛德華·普雷斯科特

Policy rules are superior to discretion because they eliminate the time inconsistency problem.

政策規則優于自由裁量，因為它們消除了時間不一致性問題。

愛德華·普雷斯科特

Policy rules are better than discretion because they avoid the time inconsistency problem.

政策規則優于自由裁量，因為它們避免了時間不一致性問題。

愛德華·普雷斯科特

The key to understanding business cycles is to understand the nature of the shocks that hit the economy.

理解經濟周期的關鍵在于理解沖擊經濟的本質。

愛德華·普雷斯科特

The welfare cost of business cycles is not the business cycle itself, but the fact that people are risk averse.

經濟周期的福利成本并非周期本身，而在于人們是風險厭惡的。

愛德華·普雷斯科特

The Great Depression was not a failure of capitalism but a failure of government policy.

大蕭條不是資本主義的失敗，而是政府政策的失敗。

愛德華·普雷斯科特

Monetary policy can be destabilizing if it is not conducted in a time-consistent manner.

如果貨幣政策不以時間一致的方式進行，可能會產生不穩定。

愛德華·普雷斯科特

The key to understanding business cycles is to recognize that they are equilibrium responses to real shocks.

理解經濟周期的關鍵在于認識到它們是對實際沖擊的均衡反應。

愛德華·普雷斯科特

Technology shocks are the primary source of economic fluctuations.

技術沖擊是經濟波動的主要來源。

愛德華·普雷斯科特

The welfare cost of business cycles is not the cycles themselves but the inability of individuals to smooth consumption over time.

經濟周期的福利成本并非周期本身，而是個體無法隨時間平滑消費的能力。

愛德華·普雷斯科特

Monetary policy rules should be designed to avoid the pitfalls of discretionary policy, which often leads to time inconsistency.

貨幣政策規則的設計應避免自由裁量政策的陷阱，后者往往導致時間不一致性。

芬恩·基德蘭德

Optimal fiscal policy requires that taxes be smooth over time, as abrupt changes can distort economic decisions.

最優財政政策要求稅收隨時間平滑，因為突然的變化會扭曲經濟決策。

芬恩·基德蘭德

Business cycles are not merely fluctuations around some smooth trend, but are instead the result of fundamental shocks to the economy.

經濟周期不僅僅是圍繞某個平滑趨勢的波動，而是經濟受到根本性沖擊的結果。

芬恩·基德蘭德

Rules rather than discretion in economic policy can help avoid the pitfalls of short-term political pressures.

經濟政策中的規則而非自由裁量權有助于避免短期政治壓力的陷阱。

芬恩·基德蘭德

Optimal fiscal policy should be designed to mitigate the distortions caused by time inconsistency and political business cycles.

最優財政政策的設計應旨在減輕時間不一致性和政治經濟周期引起的扭曲。

芬恩·基德蘭德

The key to understanding economic fluctuations lies in the interaction between technology shocks and the time it takes to build new capital.

理解經濟波動的關鍵在于技術沖擊與建造新資本所需時間之間的相互作用。

芬恩·基德蘭德

Business cycles are not, as once thought, merely fluctuations around a stable trend, but rather reflect deeper structural changes in the economy.

經濟周期并不像曾經認為的那樣僅僅是圍繞穩定趨勢的波動，而是反映了經濟中更深層次的結構性變化。

芬恩·基德蘭德

The time inconsistency problem in monetary policy arises when policymakers have an incentive to deviate from their announced policy once economic agents have acted on it.

貨幣政策中的時間不一致性問題出現在政策制定者一旦經濟主體根據宣布的政策采取行動后，就有動機偏離該政策。

芬恩·基德蘭德

Optimal fiscal policy requires that tax rates be smooth over time, responding only to permanent changes in government spending.

最優財政政策要求稅率隨時間平穩變化，僅對政府支出的永久性變化作出反應。

芬恩·基德蘭德

The key to understanding economic fluctuations lies in the interaction between technology shocks and the decisions of households and firms.

理解經濟波動的關鍵在于技術沖擊與家庭和企業決策之間的相互作用。

芬恩·基德蘭德

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